Fine-grained population maps are needed in several domains, like urban planning, environmental monitoring, public health, and humanitarian operations. Unfortunately, in many countries only aggregate census counts over large spatial units are collected, moreover, these are not always up-to-date. We present POMELO, a deep learning model that employs coarse census counts and open geodata to estimate fine-grained population maps with 100m ground sampling distance. Moreover, the model can also estimate population numbers when no census counts at all are available, by generalizing across countries. In a series of experiments for several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the maps produced with POMELOare in good agreement with the most detailed available reference counts: disaggregation of coarse census counts reaches R2 values of 85-89%; unconstrained prediction in the absence of any counts reaches 48-69%.

深度学习模式和地球观察的协同组合承诺支持可持续发展目标（SDGS）。新的发展和夸张的申请已经在改变人类将面临生活星球挑战的方式。本文审查了当前对地球观测数据的最深入学习方法，以及其在地球观测中深度学习的快速发展受到影响和实现最严重的SDG的应用。我们系统地审查案例研究至1）实现零饥饿，2）可持续城市，3）提供保管安全，4）减轻和适应气候变化，5）保留生物多样性。关注重要的社会，经济和环境影响。提前令人兴奋的时期即将到来，算法和地球数据可以帮助我们努力解决气候危机并支持更可持续发展的地方。

Remote sensing satellites capture the cyclic dynamics of our Planet in regular time intervals recorded in satellite time series data. End-to-end trained deep learning models use this time series data to make predictions at a large scale, for instance, to produce up-to-date crop cover maps. Most time series classification approaches focus on the accuracy of predictions. However, the earliness of the prediction is also of great importance since coming to an early decision can make a crucial difference in time-sensitive applications. In this work, we present an End-to-End Learned Early Classification of Time Series (ELECTS) model that estimates a classification score and a probability of whether sufficient data has been observed to come to an early and still accurate decision. ELECTS is modular: any deep time series classification model can adopt the ELECTS conceptual idea by adding a second prediction head that outputs a probability of stopping the classification. The ELECTS loss function then optimizes the overall model on a balanced objective of earliness and accuracy. Our experiments on four crop classification datasets from Europe and Africa show that ELECTS allows reaching state-of-the-art accuracy while reducing the quantity of data massively to be downloaded, stored, and processed. The source code is available at https://github.com/marccoru/elects.

视频实例分割（VIS）在视频序列中共同处理多对象检测，跟踪和分割。过去，VIS方法反映了这些子任务在其建筑设计中的碎片化，因此在关节溶液上错过了这些子任务。变形金刚最近允许将整个VIS任务作为单个设定预测问题进行。然而，现有基于变压器的方法的二次复杂性需要较长的训练时间，高内存需求和处理低音尺度特征地图的处理。可变形的注意力提供了更有效的替代方案，但尚未探索其对时间域或分段任务的应用。在这项工作中，我们提出了可变形的Vis（Devis），这是一种利用可变形变压器的效率和性能的VIS方法。为了在多个框架上共同考虑所有VIS子任务，我们使用实例感知对象查询表示时间尺度可变形。我们进一步介绍了带有多尺度功能的新图像和视频实例蒙版头，并通过多提示剪辑跟踪执行近乎对方的视频处理。 Devis减少了内存和训练时间要求，并在YouTube-Vis 2021以及具有挑战性的OVIS数据集上实现了最先进的结果。代码可在https://github.com/acaelles97/devis上找到。